stress anxiety and depression test malaysia

Lifestyle Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, SAINS@BERTAM, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah,Hazwani Ahmad Yusof,Noorsuzana Mohd Shariff&Rohayu Hami, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, You can also search for this author in Other benefits of telemedicine include increased access to healthcare, reduced travel time of patients, improved medication adherence, reduced waiting time and readmissions, and serving as a good modality for education (Kruse et al., 2017). (1998). The DASS-21-D, DASS-21-A and DASS-21-S scores were grouped into two categories: 1 = moderate/severe/extremely severe and 0 = mild/normal. The exclusion criteria were as follow: having chronic medical conditions, pregnancy or breastfeeding, and have never had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the 1825-year-old and 2645-year-old groups had twice the odds for depressive symptoms than the > 45-year-old group. The Malay version of the DASS-21 has acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbachs alpha values ranging from 0.74 to 0.84 for its subscales. Depression among the urban poor in peninsular Malaysia: A community based cross-sectional study. Hence, future studies using diagnostic tools, such as the Structural and Clinical Interview for the DSM or Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, are recommended to confirm our findings. Subsequently, the RMCO was extended until 31 December 2020. Proportion of participants with the presence of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms by the four time point of the study period. Individuals with a poorer health perception had higher odds of developing depression (odds ratio [OR] = 5.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.818.47) and anxiety (OR = 3.50; 95%CI 2.375.17) compared with those with a higher health perception. Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): a longitudinal mediation analysis. Those who perceived a poor financial status (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.033.61) had nearly 2 times higher odds of stress symptoms than those who perceived a good financial status. Specifically, depression was found to be the main risk factors associated with suicidal behaviours [23, 24]. Difficulty sleeping, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping. The DASS-21 English version has been translated into Bahasa Malaysia and validated [14]; the Bahasa Malaysia DASS-21 has been used in many studies in Malaysia. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112958. Study finds Malaysians' stress levels went up during MCO Burnout is a state of prolonged physical and psychological exhaustion. The participants were asked to indicate whether they know of friends, neighbours or colleagues who had been diagnosed with COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01492-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01492-2. These variables included those who wereofMalay ethnicity(crude OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.150.94, p=0.089); being single, divorced, or widowed (crude OR=2.61, 95% CI=1.365.01, p=0.037); assessment after COVID-19 was declared as a global pandemic (crude OR=2.06, 95% CI=1.123.77, p=0.020); and stress symptoms (crude OR=39.77, 95% CI=17.0492.81, p<0.001). Finally, COVID-19-related stressors, such as real or impending loss of income and loss of employment, panic buying, lifestyle restrictions, and accommodation changes during COVID-19, which could be confounding factors influencing the outcomes of the study, were not assessed. Maw Pin Tan, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1729. Wang, Y. N., Di, Y., Ye, J. J., & Wei, W. B. There was a statistically signicant association between stress score and the year of study. Cronbachs alpha was calculated for the overall scale and the three subscales to assess reliability in terms of internal consistency. Online . Lastly, we testified to the presence of depression, anxiety, and stress among university students through descriptive statistics and provided empirical evidence in this regard. Table 2 shows the percentage of participants with depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms and their associated factors during the 16-week study period. Fig 2 shows the temporal trend of the average DASS-21-D, DASS-21-A and DASS-21-S subscale scores across the four successive time periods in the 16-week data collection period. Psychological Medicine, 28(3), 551558. Please note: This test should only be completed with your health practitioner. Santini, Z. I., Jose, P. E., Cornwell, E. Y., Koyanagi, A., Nielsen, L., Hinrichsen, C., et al. A more recent systematic review of 44 studies also pinpointed the benefits of telemedicine in terms of ease of use, tendency to improve outcomes, cost effectiveness, and communication between therapist and patients. Our finding of higher odds of depression with comorbid anxiety is in line with the finding reported by a study of the psychological effect of COVID-19 in 4872 Chinese adults, which indicated that the prevalence of depression with comorbid anxiety was 19.4% (Gao et al., 2020). Data Availability: All data files are available in the Kaggle database (www.kaggle.com/dataset/47a1daa9618fcb790d61e4c5cfa20363f2404c334e982d5499bf73aa8966179a). Only 23.4% reported knowing someone (family members, friends, neighbours or colleagues) who had been diagnosed with or died from COVID-19. i-Psikologi v2 PSUKJ : Ujian DASS21 - Johor All the p-values were two-tailed. Videoconferencing and web-conferencing applications are of utmost importance to sustain social communication and social relationships among the people in urban communities when COVID-19 infection is still prevalent and social distancing has become the current norm in daily living. [ view less ], * E-mail: wonglp@ummc.edu.my (LPW); ivychung@ummc.edu.my (IC), Affiliation: This study aims to determine both the effect of a medical programme on levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) medical students before and during the course. The prevalence of depression among university students in Malaysia is relatively high and alarming, which has been found to be between 14.0% to 30.7% in past studies [8][9][10][11][12][13]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The research assistant alerted the people living in the household by knocking on the door. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review. In a previous study, a national mental health survey of 9656 Colombian respondents in the community showed that the prevalence of depression with comorbid anxiety was 9.6% in urban respondents compared with only 6.9% in rural respondents (de Vries et al., 2018). These findings emphasise the necessity of monitoring mental health disorders among the public during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequently providing targeted interventions for people at elevated risks, as identified in this study. Diana Lea Baranovich, Take the Depression, Anxiety & Stress Test (2012) which reviewed 65 studies investigating the efficacy of videoconferencing psychotherapy (VCP) for treatment of psychiatric illnesses indicated that VCP produced similar clinical outcomes to conventional face-to-face psychotherapy and was associated with good user satisfaction. (2020). We thank the nurses of Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia for their assistance in data collection. Biofeedback training is available online, while MBSR can be conducted online and has been found to be effective in reducing depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (Khoury, Sharma, Rush, & Fournier, 2015; Muller et al., 2020; Sidi, 2020). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. BMC Psychiatry, 20, 227. Correlates of depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysian university (2020). The three-factor model of the Malay version of the DASS-21 has also been confirmed, and most of its items have acceptable factor loading (0.39 to 0.73; Musa, Fadzil, & Zain, 2007). Moreover, a systematic review and meta-analysis that assessed 69 studies on the efficacy of online psychotherapy for the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders also revealed that online psychotherapy improves depressive and anxiety symptoms better than control procedures do, including waitlisting and treatment-as-usual, and it was shown to be more cost effective compared with psychotherapies which were conducted face-to-face. Depression and Anxiety: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment - Verywell Health Perceived health status was the strongest significant predictor for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Kyaimon Myint, Of note, depression is a leading cause of disability around the world and contributes greatly to the global burden of disease [21]. On average, depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms were reported in 21.3% (n = 344), 28.6% (n = 461) and 12.5% (n = 202), respectively, of the participants during the study period. Hence, our study findings may not be generalized to the entire urban population of the country. Department of Akidah and Islamic Thought, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Affiliation: Correlates of depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysian - PubMed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is widely used to screen for depression and to measure behavioral manifestations and severity of depression. DASS is an instrument to assess the level of an individual for an analysis of depression and anxiety. Not at all. Research Article Escalating progression of mental health disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a nationwide survey Li Ping Wong , Haridah Alias, Afiqah Alyaa Md Fuzi, Intan Sofia Omar, Azmawaty Mohamad Nor, Maw Pin Tan, Diana Lea Baranovich, Che Zarrina Saari, Sareena Hanim Hamzah, Ku Wing Cheong, Chiew Hwa Poon, Vimala Ramoo, The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of people with pre-existing health conditions warrant ensuring patients are sufficiently self-aware to realise when they need to seek help. These factors could explain the presence of comorbid stress and higher odds of depression symptoms in our study. An anonymous Internet-based, cross-sectional survey was commenced on 12 May 2020 and ended on 5 September 2020. The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms . Depression and anxiety in Malaysian population during third wave of the there were 255 students locked down in the campus. When comparing our results regarding depression, anxiety and stress with results from the general populations from seven middle-income countries (Vietnam, China, Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Pakistan, and Thailand), higher levels were found among Jordanian students except those among Thailand who have higher levels (19.74, 18.66-21.95), for . PDF Anxiety, depression and quality of life of medical students in Malaysia Examples of effective psychosocial interventions for the management of stress, anxiety, and depression are biofeedback and mindfulness-based psychosocial interventions. We were careful to ensure that the recruitment advertisement did not mention the topic of mental health; we advertised the study as a COVID-19 Health and Wellbeing Survey. Data collection period and the trend of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Malaysia. With this screening test, you can know your mental health status, whether you are stressed, worried, or depressed. Disordered eating behaviors, depression, anxiety and stress among The study aimed to look at the depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) levels of the Malaysian public in response to the pandemic and movement control order (MCO), using the Depression, Anxiety and . Health status included participants existing chronic diseases and self-perceived overall health status. Higher psychological QoL reduced the odds of depressive symptoms (adjusted OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.690.99, p=0.032) and depressive with comorbid anxiety symptoms (adjusted OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.680.98, p=0.041), whereas higher physical health QoL (adjusted OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.750.97, p=0.021) and social relationship QoL (adjusted OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.550.90, p=0.009) reduced the odds of anxiety symptoms. Comparing urban with rural settings, the odds of mood disorder and anxiety disorder are almost 1.4-fold and 1.2-fold higher in the urban population (Gruebner et al., 2017). Moving or talking more slowly. Medicine & Health, 15(1), 14. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and p values were calculated for each independent variable. Comorbid stress may lead to dysfunction of the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway, the noradrenaline system in the locus coeruleus, increased reactivity of the amygdala, and increased serum proinflammatory cytokines. Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M. W., Gill, H., Phan, L., Chen-Li, D., Iacobucci, M., Ho, R., Majeed, A., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020). There is evidence that mental disorders are associated with suicidal ideations and attempts [22]. Housing index, urbanisation level and lifetime prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders: A cross-sectional analysis of the Colombian national mental health survey. Univariable analyses followed by multivariable logistic regression analyses, using a simultaneous forced-entry method, was used to determine the factors influencing depression, anxiety and stress. The target group included all members of the Malaysian population aged 18 years and above. The key result paints an intriguing picture. Questions were presented in both English and Bahasa Malaysia in the survey link. CBI is able to identify 3 types of burnout, which are ; World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) is a tool that assesses disability in adults age 18 years and above. The sum of the scores in each domain can be transformed into a 0- to 100-point scale (WHOQoL, 1998). Subjective quality of life of recently discharged Nigerian psychiatric patients. Fig 3 shows the percentage of participants with depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms according to the DASS-21 scores for each time period. Simple random sampling by computer-generated random numbers was utilized to select the Enumeration Blocks and then the living quarters and households. In this study, the DASS-21 had adequate to very good internal consistency, with Cronbachs alphas of 0.956 for the overall scale, 0.927 for the DASS-21-D, 0.865 for the DASS-21-A and 0.882 for the DASS-21-S. This may be explained by the high employment rate (80.1%) and the high marital rate (86.8%) among the participants. It has been suggested that intervention strategies and policies for public health emergencies should consider a gender-specific approach to address mental health inequities [39]. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: Immediate psychological responses and associated factors. This study also added valuable information on the psychological effect of COVID-19 on the urban population, independent of the effect of the movement lockdown. The majority perceived their overall health as very good/good (85.9%) and the majority (91.5%) did not have any chronic diseases. The associated factors of depression with comorbid anxiety were found to be similar to those of depression, where participants with comorbid stress and those who underwent assessment after the declaration of COVID-19 were found to have higher odds of depression with comorbid anxiety symptoms, while higher psychological QoL was associated with lower odds of depression and comorbid anxiety symptoms. questionnaire (93.9% response rate). Quiz: Anxiety self-assessment - Relate Malaysia Biofeedback-involved training helps regulate certain involuntary bodily processes, such as blood pressure, pulse rate, blood flow, and muscle tension, to enhance mental health. The WHOQoL-BREF is a self-reported instrument to assess the QoL of respondents. Accessed 8 Oct 2020. Those assessed after the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic showed increased odds of depressive symptoms (adjusted OR=2.99, 95% CI=1.416.35, p=0.006) and depressive with comorbid anxiety symptoms (adjusted OR=3.19, 95% CI=1.377.45, p=0.005), while the presence of comorbid stress increased the odds of depressive symptoms (adjusted OR=16.00, 95% CI=7.8432.63, p<0.001), anxiety symptoms (adjusted OR=19.72, 95% CI=9.7539.89, p<0.001), and depressive with comorbid anxiety symptoms (adjusted OR=40.44, 95% CI=15.90102.87, p<0.001). Again, the prevalence of anxiety reported in our study was much higher than that reported in another study on the prevalence of anxiety in Malaysian communities (in which it was 8.2%; Kader Maideen et al., 2015). (2014). 5. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 58(1), 7988. The HosmerLemeshow goodness-of-fit test was referred to as the indicator of the goodness-of-fit of the regression models (test finding with p>0.05 denoted good model fit). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Wang, C. Y., Pan, R. Y., Wan, X. Y., Tan, Y. L., Xu, L. K., Ho, C. S., et al. In this study, responses were obtained during the period when the government imposed more lenient containment measures, and the results revealed increasing levels of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms throughout the study duration. (2016). Most participants did not smoke (n=308, 94.5%), and the mean BMI was 26.87 (SD=5.52). Some limitations of our study should be noted. During the MCO, the country was under complete lockdown, where any travel, social, religious, or work-related activities outside the home were prohibited by the government. This will require the mobilization and preparation of counselors, psychologists, and psychiatrists to offer this new norm of mental health service to the public. 01. However, in the multivariable analyses, only perceived financial status was a significant predictor of better mental health outcomes. The sex difference is in line with evidence suggesting that women are generally more vulnerable to stress and anxiety disorders in response to traumatic events, while men show better resilience [37, 38]. Between 12 May and 5 September 2020, an anonymous online survey was conducted. The average DASS-21-D score (M = 17.9, SD = 11.8) was highest in the last four weeks of the data collection period, followed by the DASS-21-S (M = 15.6, SD = 9.6) and DASS-21-A (M = 11.9, SD = 10.0) scores. PDF Stress, Anxiety and Depression among a Cohort of Health Sciences Funding: This research was supported by Universiti Malaya COVID-19 Implementation Research Grant (RG564-2020HWB), which was granted to Ivy Chung. Participants were excluded if they presented with psychotic disorders or bipolar mood disorder, or if they had a history of illicit drug use. One of the major concerns associated with urbanization is the negative effect that it imposes on the mental health status of the urban population. Article Ivy Chung Sidi, H. (2020). Mental health status was assessed with depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21). PDF Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Postgraduate Students in - UPM Initially, 376 eligible subjects were invited to participate in this study, but 50 declined, stating that they were not interested in enrolling in the study and wished not to be disturbed. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 8(2), 8289. The research project was resumed from mid-June 2020 and ended in August 2020, which was between 1week and 2months after the MCO was lifted. Recently, Cheah, Azahadi, Phang, and Abd Manaf (2020) extracted data from a survey conducted on a nationally representative sample of Malaysian adults and revealed that the demographic variables associated with depression and generalized anxiety disorder included younger age, female gender, Indian ethnic group, lower level of education, and being unmarried. Validation of "Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales" and "Changes in The DASS-21 is a self-reported instrument to assess the severity levels of anxiety,depression, and stress symptoms experienced by respondents. Kruse, C. S., Krowski, N., Rodriguez, B., Tran, L., Vela, J., & Brooks, M. (2017). This number represents an alarming increase from the prevalence of 10.7% estimated by the NHMS in 1996. Mental Health Status Based on Depression, Anxiety, and : Malaysian The Malaysian government has implemented several movement control orders (MCOs) based on the current COVID-19 situation in the country. Depression, Anxiety and Stress among School-going Adolescents of a The inventory contains 21 self-report items which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats. Hence, the total score for each subscale ranges from 0 to 42. B., & Ibrahim, H. (2020). Our findings support the reliability of using DASS-21 in the Malaysian cultural context. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Our study reported that the presence of comorbid stress was the only factor significantly associated with increased odds of anxiety symptoms, while social relationship QoL and physical health QoL reduced the odds of anxiety among the participants. b) determine the level of depression in B40 households among public, private, and self-employed workers in the state of Pahang, Malaysia. The present study investigated the prevalence of depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and depression with comorbid anxiety symptoms and their associated factors in a random sample drawn from several urban communities in Malaysia. Escalating progression of mental health disorders during the - PLOS Our study had some limitations. PubMedGoogle Scholar. PLoS One, 15(4), e0231924. In this study, people with a fair, poor or very poor health status were more likely to report negative mental health impacts compared with those with a very good or good health status. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504511. The temporal trend of the DASS-21-D, DASS-21-A and DASS-21-S scores over the 16-week data collection period was computed. STRESS, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION STATUS OF MALAYSIAN - ResearchGate More than half the days. Finally, cigarette smoking status was coded into the two following groups: non-smokers were coded as 0 and smokers as 1. zdin, S., & zdin, S. B. These findings will provide insights for the formulation of mitigation measures to help the public cope with the negative mental health effects in the currently unpredictable situation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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