first female president of south korea

Park was left. Even though the presidential candidate lost the election under allegations of corruption and nepotism, Park Geun-hye was elected as a national legislator in the 1998 by-election (Lee Reference Lee2017). I chose six groups to balance the diversity of groupings, the possibility of reaching data saturation (Cyr Reference Cyr2019), and practical considerations involving costs. Scandals in the party can open a window of opportunity for women to move up the party leadership ladder and be elected (Beckwith Reference Beckwith2015; Thomas Reference Thomas2018), but many women are mired in corruption allegations themselves during or after their tenure, as in the case of Benazir Bhutto (Chu Reference Chu2007; Crossette Reference Crossette1996), Cristina Fernndez de Kirchner (Tegel Reference Tegel2019), and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (Ford Reference Ford2018). Although she received credit for being the historic first, women across the political spectrum were concerned that the epic failure of the first female president would reinforce voters reluctance to vote for women. She repeatedly said that her role model was Queen Elizabeth I, who proclaimed that she was married to her country (Shin and Kim Reference Shin and Kim2013). To view supplementary material for this article, please visit http://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X22000538. Contrary to my expectations, the responses to both questions revealed no significant gender gap. Lessons from Asia, Gender Gaps in Political Participation in Asia, Do Government Positions Held by Women Matter? This election focused predominantly on economic and social welfare issues, and showed a sharp generational divide. In 2011, however, she was appointed to head the ad hoc emergency committee that spearheaded the reformation of the Grand National Party into the Saenuri Party, which effectively made her the party chairman once again. Mr. Ko stated, She treated me like a slave, swearing at me many times. Offended by this behavior, he started looking for a way to avenge his insults. A survey experiment might remedy these limitations (Esprito-Santo and Verge Reference Esprito-Santo and Verge2017), but the presence of a recently impeached woman president would render it impossible to suppress the memory of the event even in an experimental setting. As I was interested in understanding why voters assessed Parks political legacy the way they did in the survey, I ran six focus groups with 35 participants in South Korea in July 2021. Three months after the impeachment, the Constitutional Court unanimously upheld the legislatures decision, and Park was sentenced to 22 years in prison. STRAUB: Park Geun-hye will take basically the same approach as the incumbent president, Lee Myung-bak, toward the United States. Published online by Cambridge University Press: "coreDisableSocialShare": false, Under her leadership the party achieved important electoral gains against difficult odds in the 2004 general elections, which earned her the nickname Queen of Elections in the media. She was the first female president of South Korea (2013-17). The presidential term has been set at five years since 1988. Moreover, they anticipated a corresponding low likelihood of nepotism and corruption involving family members, a chronic problem in South Korean politics. After Park Chung Hees assassination, Park Geun Hye allegedly found refuge in Choi Tae Mins religion and treated him like a father figure. She was often criticized for not understanding ordinary citizens lives because of her privileged family background. She then became a frequent customer of Villomillo, and some of the items she bought with her own money ended up in President Parks possession as well. The participants who mentioned that they had children at the beginning of the focus group session presented such arguments, regardless of their political ideologies. Im sure she will make an effort to engage with North Korea. She is the daughter of former president Park Chung-hee, a controversial strongman. I included age, hometown, political cynicism, whether they voted for Park in 2012, household income, and education as the control variables, following studies analyzing South Korean voting behaviors (e.g., Hur Reference Hur2019; Kim and Park Reference Kim, Park and Kim2018; Yoon Reference Yoon2017). In a tight presidential race, she beat Moon Jae-in to became the country's first female leader. She won by a decisive margin. One week before the National Assembly impeached Park, her presidential approval rating was only 4%. Given that Park emphasized her status as a dutiful daughter of her father more than her status as a womens representative, voters weak acknowledgment of her contribution to gender equality should not come as surprise. For logistical reasons, those who lived outside the Greater Seoul Metropolitan area, which is within two hours via public transit from the meeting space, were not invited to the panel. Over the last 15 years, Park Geun-hye has been a national assemblywoman, and for a couple of years she was the head of her conservative party, now named the New Frontier Party. Three conservative women mentioned that Parks unmarried, childless status was a positive factor for her image, at least before her impeachment. On March 31 Park was arrested, and the following month she was indicted on 18 charges relating to abuse of power in her role as president. It had nine different heads of state between September 1919 and August 1948. The participants received approximately $65 in cash to compensate for their two-hour participation and travel time. Park Geun-Hye makes history as first female president of South Korea. Subscribe to Heres the Deal, our politics Updates? The regression results show statistical evidence supporting the barrier hypothesis. According to a public opinion survey conducted by Gallup Korea approximately nine months before the 2012 election, conservative female voters were her strongest supporters, more so than were conservative men. Replication data for this study are available at Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:d4cEschUJc3CELfjAVPZKQ== [fileUNF], https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PPOVCA. Even though 81% of voters supported the impeachment a couple of days before the National Assembly vote in 2016 (Gallup Korea 2016), approximately 37% of voters overall supported the amnesty of Park as of January 8, 2021, and 70% of Parks party supporters wanted to see her release (Gallup Korea 2021a). In an unprecedented move, the verdict was broadcast live on Korean television. Turn on desktop notifications for breaking stories about interest? All of these factors added to the deep public animosity she faced during the corruption scandal, which in the end she was unable to survive. During the two-hour sessions, the participants discussed to which factors they attributed Parks election and impeachment, whether they thought Parks gender played a role in her impeachment, and whether the participants expected Parks impeachment would make things more difficult for other female candidates (see Table 2 for the complete focus group questionnaire). Yet there is the perception that income inequality, in terms of distribution, the gap between the rich and poor, has increased dramatically. Mr. Ko ended up revealing the illegitimate access Ms. Choi had to presidential matters through her extremely close relationship with President Park. Analyzing an original online survey of 1,197 South Koreans and six focus groups with 35 South Korean citizens, I demonstrate that South Korean voters overall did not recognize Parks election as the first female president of the country as a symbol of womens political empowerment. Her main rival, Moon Jae-In of the centre-left Democratic United Party, was a former human rights lawyer who had been imprisoned in the 1970s for protesting against President Parks authoritarian regime. The focus group participants reported that Parks parental and marital status initially shaped positive expectations of her. Park Geun-Hye, (born February 2, 1952, Taegu [Daegu], North Kyngsang [North Gyeongsang] do [province], South Korea), president of South Korea and leader of the conservative Saenuri (New Frontier) Party. South Korea elects new leader, first female president - SFGATE The loss of presidential immunity meant that Park could be prosecuted for corruption in connection with the scandal, and a snap election was to be held within 60 days of Parks dismissal. Empirical Analysis of the 18th Presidential Election, Perceived contribution of Park to womens empowerment through symbolic representation and policy making, Impact of Parks election and impeachment on a second female president, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, https://time.com/5320323/michelle-obama-ala-conference/, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37018916, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42748769, https://prospect.org/culture/books/astronaut-sally-ride-burden-first/, https://www.gallup.co.kr/gallupdb/reportContent.asp?seqNo=795, https://www.gallup.co.kr/gallupdb/reportContent.asp?seqNo=1169, https://www.gallup.co.kr/dir/GallupKoreaDaily/GallupKoreaDailyOpinion_470(20211029).pdf, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14680777.2021.1928257, https://time.com/6156537/south-korea-president-yoon-suk-yeol-sexism/, https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV7.jsp, https://data.ipu.org/women-averages?month=11&year=2021&op=Show+averages&form_build_id=form-tm_n85q0AvJvzz1D4u4mfbWmyYvJ8Ni2h_fxtaW7Nso&form_id=ipu__women_averages_filter_form, https://data.ipu.org/women-ranking?month=11&year=2021, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.506, https://www.theglobalist.com/south-korea-anti-feminist-young-men-presidential-election-lee-jun-seok/, http://www.sisain.co.kr/?mod=news&act=articleView&idxno=30542&utm_source=dable, https://www.panel.co.kr/user/information/benefit, https://likms.assembly.go.kr/record/mhs-10-010.do, https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/adult-education-level.htm, https://calgaryherald.com/opinion/columnists/sharpe-its-a-harsh-life-for-women-in-politics, https://m.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20131106067000001, https://doi.org/10.1177/01925121221078232, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/argentinas-cristina-kirchner-facing-corruption-allegations-mounts-unlikely-comeback/2019/07/28/3f3a31d4-a3dd-11e9-a767-d7ab84aef3e9_story.html, https://www.cfr.org/article/womens-power-index, https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-gender-gap-report-2021/. How can we understand this seeming paradoxconservative men decrying Parks being convicted for her gender? She moved with her family to Seoul in the 1950s and grew up in the Blue House, the South Korean presidential palace. In the eyes of Washington, Park is a known entity: She can be trusted. Regarding the second aspect, female presidents and prime ministers shape positive attitudes about women as political leaders and challenge the notion that the offices of president or prime minister are mens domains (Jalalzai Reference Jalalzai, Alexander, Bolzendahl and Jalalzai2018; but see Jalalzai Reference Jalalzai2016), even when women run for election unsuccessfully (Simien Reference Simien2016). Because of the seeming rarity and extreme nature of Parks case, the findings of this study might not seem to be generalizable to other cases.
87k After Taxes California Salary, What Division Is Coastal Georgia, Articles F